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6.10 Lab Exercise

6.10 Lab Exercise

Q Goal Use the modules and review resources to complete the chart on this handout comparing skull features of the chimp, human, Australopithecus afarensis, and Paranthropus boisei. Refer to the module page for images of skulls of the four species. Instructions Refer to the module page Week 6 - Skull Images for the Assignments for images and 3-D rotations of the four skulls you need to describe and compare. Open the worksheet An111 Comparing Early Hominin Skulls.docx Download An111 Comparing Early Hominin Skulls.docx and fill out the table to compare features across the species. The rows will ask for one of the following types of answers. 1. Present or absent: When a feature is either there or not, you can use a + for present and – for absent. For example, “presence of sagittal crest” can be answered + or –. 2. Describe: When you are asked to describe a feature, do so with a few words or short phrase. For example, “shape of dental arcade” can be answered “U-shaped.” 3. Compare: When you are asked to compare, you need to ask “compare to what?” If there are three skulls being compared, you might say X and Y are smaller than Z. Or X is smaller than Y and Y is larger than Z. 4. Measure: Use the measurements you collected in the Early Hominin Skull Measurements Assignment to complete this row and compare the index across species. Alternately, you may use these measurements gathered from teaching materials at LAVC. All measurements are in millimeters Chimpanzee (male) Human (euro male) A. afarensis P. boisei basion to opisthicranion 58 92 71 75 basion to prosthion 150 94 129 135 nasion to prosthion 78 70 84 110 basion to bregma 85 132 91 92 Grading Learning and growth take practice and reflection and I am here to support your efforts. All assignments will receive an initial grade based on the provided rubric. If you aren't happy with the points you receive or need to improve your submission, everyone will have the option to review my feedback, revise your work, and resubmit your assignment by the "available until" date 1 week after the original due date. If you have questions about how to improve a submission or about my feedback, please ask me. My goal is to provide feedback within 72 hours, at the latest, of the due date for the assignment. Technical Help How do I submit an online assignment?Links to an external site. How do I upload a file as an assignment submission in Canvas?Links to an external site. How do I submit assignments in the Canvas Student App on my smartphone?Links to an external site. How do I enter a URL as an assignment submission?Links to an external site. How do I view the rubric for my assignment?Links to an external site. How do I know when my assignment has been submitted?Links to an external site. How do I know when my instructor has graded my assignment?Links to an external site. How do I view assignment comments from my instructor?Links to an external site. PreviousNext

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Type Ape Homo sapiens (modern humans) Gracile Australopithecine “Robust” Australopithecine Paranthropus Location of occipital condyles on base of skull Back of the skull Centered under skull Slightly closer to the middle of the skull than Paranthropus About a third of the distance from the back of the skull. Condylar Index = (Ba to Op / Ba to Pr) x 100 52 98 50 50 Position of maximum skull breadth when viewed from back Bottom Top Bottom Bottom Presence and degree of postorbital constriction in superior view + Reduced, less significant than both Australopithecines - + Less significant than Paranthropus + Significant